AI Category Archives
эволюция критериев
8 September 2012 | AI, Literature, Science | 1 Comment
жизнь или притворство? если вспомнить тест Тьюринга, не прийдем ли мы к выводу об очередной мимикрии?
In proposing the imitation game as a stand-in for another definition of thought or intelligence, Turing does more than deliver a clever logical flourish that helps him creatively answer a very old question about what makes someone (or something) capable of thought. In fact, he really skirts the question of intelligence entirely, replacing it with the outcomes of thought–in this case, the ability to perform “being human” as convincingly and interestingly as a real human. To be intelligent is to act like a human rather than to have a mind that operates like one. Or, even better, intelligence — whatever it is, the thing that goes on inside a human or a machine — is less interesting and productive a topic of conversation than the effects of such a process, the experience it creates in observers and interlocutors.
а потому вот, собственно, и логичное продолжение:
I’ve made one proposal for this new conjecture, a challenge that reflects the great advances since 1950 in computer science, neuroscience and the behavioral sciences as well as the highly networked ways in which ordinary people now use computers daily: Is it imaginable that a computer-agent team-member could behave, over the long-term and in uncertain, dynamic environments, in such a way that people on the team will not notice it is not human?
Unlike Turing’s original question, this question asks not that a computer agent be indistinguishable from a person, but that it behave reasonably, that its mistakes make sense and are not noticeably non-human.
как говорится, “on the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog”.
дочитываю “Anathem”, именно.
наездники
28 July 2012 | AI, Amazon, Copyright, Lifeform, Technology | 1 Comment
A pair of artist-coders have unleashed a small army of bots designed to flood the Kindle e-book store with texts comprised entirely of YouTube comments. According to the artists, even they have no idea how many books their autonomous bots are posting to the store.
даже смешно, говорят — и я охотно этому верю:
The Internet slang of YouTube comments is treated as fresh dialogue, and sold through Amazon.com in the form of massive, self-generated e-books. In an auto-cannibalistic model, user generated content is sold back to the users themselves, parasitically exploiting both corporations: YouTube and Amazon.
The GHOST WRITERS project’s aim is to address and identify pertinent questions concerning the digital publishing industry’s business models, as well as to draw the lines of new trends for a possible new kind of digital literature, after the web.
плюс, и еще один интересный аспект:
[W]ho do YouTube videos/comments belong to? Where does authorship start and end? To what extent does the e-book format have to be reconsidered with regard to the traditional book form, and what are its most innovative opportunities?
ага.
the light is strong
27 June 2012 | AI, Science | No Comments
и еще Брюс Стерлинг об Алане Тьюринге и вечном поиске знаний:
My own problem comes when you’re an Artificial Woman Artist. Computation is demanding the aura of artistry that was commonly associated with cognition. That’s tougher, because now we’re back in the Turing Test interrogation cells, and I’m a woman, and you’re a woman, while that other woman there, the machine artist, is claiming to be Yoko Ono or Marina Abramovic.
I can ask the artist these innocent, quaint Alan Turing-test questions, like “do you have long hair?” “do you like to run marathons?”, and Marina just sits there gently bleeding and staring into space for six solid hours.
<...>
How do we judge what we’re doing? How do we distribute praise and blame, rewards and demerits, how do to guide it, how do we attribute meaning to it?
о скачках
2 June 2012 | AI, Economics | No Comments
вот он наш, искусственный интеллект:
How efficiently do financial markets process news of unexpected events? <...> In this post, however, we examine an unusual episode involving a false news report that provides a unique look into this question.
<...>
On September 8, 2008, a six-year-old article about the 2002 bankruptcy of United Airlines’ parent company resurfaced on the Internet and was mistakenly believed to be reporting a new bankruptcy filing by the company. This episode caused the company’s stock price to drop by as much as 76 percent in just a few minutes, before NASDAQ halted trading. After the “news” had been identified as false, the stock price rebounded, but still ended the day 11.2 percent below the previous close. Trading volumes skyrocketed during these extreme price movements. In subsequent days, the stock traded as much as 17 percent below its September 8 closing price, and on September 15 it finally traded above the price level seen just before the false news impacted the market.
<...>
Our main findings are depicted in the chart below. <...>
it was a chip voice
30 March 2012 | AI, Internet, Lifeform | No Comments
наши двойники множатся на глазах:
Writer Jon Ronson is at war with himself on Twitter. In February, an organisation called Philter Phactory created a Twitter account called @jon_ronson. The Twitter account was populated by a “Weavr” — a piece of AI software, created using information from Ronson’s Wikipedia page.
словно охотник в посиках дичи. или генерал, наблюдающий окрестности. или — просто отпущенный воздушный змей:
For [Philter Phactory] Weavrs represent many different things: a storytelling platform, a discoverability engine, a market research tool and an exploration of artificial intelligence.
<...>
Once you publish your Weavr, it starts a life of its own, trawling social media sites and posting onto a central blog.
вот, например:
If you’re planning a move to another city, you could create a Weavr with your preferences but geolocate it in the city you are moving to. That way, the Weavr will trawl around finding places, experiences and content that might interest you in your new home.
и еще:
From Wired.co.uk’s experience, our own personal Weavr (@livvyweavr) produced interesting content around 50 or 60 percent of the time — checking into Hawksmoor, finding animal-themed jewellery on Etsy, and reading Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood.
чудесно, я думаю. куда интереснее многих “живых”.
ghosts in the shell
27 February 2012 | AI, Amazon, Lifeform | 4 Comments
у нас появляются соседи:
Before I talk about my own troubles, let me tell you about another book, “Computer Game Bot Turing Test”. It’s one of over 100,000 “books” “written” by a Markov chain running over random Wikipedia articles, bundled up and sold online for a ridiculous price. The publisher, Betascript, is notorious for this kind of thing.
It gets better. There are whole species of other bots that infest the Amazon Marketplace, pretending to have used copies of books, fighting epic price wars no one ever sees. So with “Turing Test” we have a delightful futuristic absurdity: a computer program, pretending to be human, hawking a book about computers pretending to be human, while other computer programs pretend to have used copies of it. A book that was never actually written, much less printed and read.
как говорится, не могу не вспомнить:
“The last seven, eight years, there’s been funny stuff out there, out on the console cowboy circuit. The new jockeys, they make deals with things, don’t they, Lucas?”
<...>
“Thrones and dominions,” the Finn said obscurely. “Yeah, there’s things out there. Ghosts, voices Why not? Oceans had mermaids, all that shit, and we had a sea of silicon, see? Sure, it’s just a tailored hallucination we all agreed to have, cyberspace, but anybody who jacks in knows, fucking knows it’s a whole universe. And every year it gets a little more crowded.”
они рядом. дышат нам в затылок.
things are getting out of hand
18 February 2012 | AI, Architecture, Art, Internet, Lifeform | 1 Comment
волшебная[1] навигация:
It’s a ship, atop the Southbank Centre in the heart of London, looking out across the Thames.
<...>
I wanted to make the ship move, and I wanted to make it speak, and I wanted to speak back to it, with it, together. To make something.
A Ship Adrift takes the data from that weather station and applies it to an imaginary airship piloted by a lost, mad AI autopilot. The ship is drifting because the pilot is mad or the pilot is mad because the ship is drifting; it doesn’t really matter.
If the wind whips eastwards across the roof of the Southbank centre at 5mph, then the Ship Adrift floats five miles to the East. See the sharp tack the Ship made on the night of the 27th / 28th January? <...>
As the Ship drifts, it looks around itself. It doesn’t know where it is, but it is listening. It’s listening out for tweets and foursquare check-ins and posts on dating sites and geotagged Wikipedia articles and it is remembering them and it is trying to make something out of them. It is trying to understand.
The ship is lost, and I don’t know where it’s going. I don’t know what it’s going to learn, but I want to work with it to tell some stories. I want to build a system for cooperating with software and chance.
—
[1] — Джеймс Бридл, автор, так же верно подмечает удивительное, говоря об интернет-ботах, этих заблудившихся дети эпохи.
prison break
1 January 2011 | AI, Google, Lifeform, Privacy | 1 Comment
Уильям Гибсон в очередой раз указал на то самое будущее, что уже давно прибыло:
Science fiction never imagined Google, but it certainly imagined computers that would advise us what to do. HAL 9000, in “2001: A Space Odyssey,” will forever come to mind, his advice, we assume, eminently reliable — before his malfunction. But HAL was a discrete entity, a genie in a bottle, something we imagined owning or being assigned. Google is a distributed entity, a two-way membrane, a game-changing tool on the order of the equally handy flint hand ax, with which we chop our way through the very densest thickets of information. Google is all of those things, and a very large and powerful corporation to boot.
в самом деле не Зимнее Безмолвие, но, скореее, Непрерывный Допрос:
Google is not ours. Which feels confusing, because we are its unpaid content-providers, in one way or another. We generate product for Google, our every search a minuscule contribution. Google is made of us, a sort of coral reef of human minds and their products.
и вместе с тем настоящая тюрьма:
In Google, we are at once the surveilled and the individual retinal cells of the surveillant, however many millions of us, constantly if unconsciously participatory. We are part of a post-geographical, post-national super-state, one that handily says no to China. Or yes, depending on profit considerations and strategy. But we do not participate in Google on that level. We’re citizens, but without rights.
где даже самые благие начинания обречены на провал:
[Mr. Schmidt suggested] that young people who catastrophically expose their private lives via social networking sites might need to be granted a name change and a fresh identity as adults. This, interestingly, is a matter of Google letting societal chips fall where they may, to be tidied by lawmakers and legislation as best they can, while the erection of new world architecture continues apace.
If Google were sufficiently concerned about this, perhaps the company should issue children with free “training wheels” identities at birth, terminating at the age of majority. One could then either opt to connect one’s adult identity to one’s childhood identity, or not. Childhoodlessness, being obviously suspect on a résumé, would give birth to an industry providing faux adolescences, expensively retro-inserted, the creation of which would gainfully employ a great many writers of fiction. So there would be a silver lining of sorts.
To be sure, I don’t find this a very realistic idea, however much the prospect of millions of people living out their lives in individual witness protection programs, prisoners of their own youthful folly, appeals to my novelistic Kafka glands. Nor do I take much comfort in the thought that Google itself would have to be trusted never to link one’s sober adulthood to one’s wild youth, which surely the search engine, wielding as yet unimagined tools of transparency, eventually could and would do.
как сказал тот же Шмидт в другом интервью:
We know where you are. We know where you’ve been. We can more or less know what you’re thinking about.
или, как говорится, с Новым годом.
wintermute
6 August 2010 | AI, Economics, Lifeform, Software | 3 Comments
а вот, пожалуйста, и новые формы жизни — как и полагается, зародившиеся в финансовом секторе:
The trading bots visualized in the stock charts in this story aren’t doing anything that could be construed to help the market. Unknown entities for unknown reasons are sending thousands of orders a second through the electronic stock exchanges with no intent to actually trade. Often, the buy or sell prices that they are offering are so far from the market price that there’s no way they’d ever be part of a trade. The bots sketch out odd patterns with their orders, leaving patterns in the data that are largely invisible to market participants.
чистое кино:
In fact, it’s hard to figure out exactly what they’re up to or gauge their impact. Are they doing something illicit? If so, what? Or do the patterns emerge spontaneously, a kind of mechanical accident? If so, why? No matter what the answers to these questions turn out to be, we’re witnessing a market phenomenon that is not easily explained. And it’s really bizarre.
так же, налицо очевидные связи.
via.
I Can Has Brains?
21 November 2009 | AI | No Comments
this week researchers from IBM Corp. are reporting that they’ve simulated a cat’s cerebral cortex, the thinking part of the brain, using a massive supercomputer. <...>
The scientists had previously simulated 40 percent of a mouse’s brain in 2006, a rat’s full brain in 2007, and 1 percent of a human’s cerebral cortex this year, using progressively bigger supercomputers.